Most significant difference is that Nobara updates muuch faster, so you’ll have a much more recent kernel and the freshest mesa graphics stack.
Upside is that more recent and/or AAA games will run better, downside is that you might to need to do some debugging if something breaks.
Discovery also had hologram communication technology that I guess was also a secret? Starfleet went back to flatscreens for everything and didn’t use holograms again until the 24th century.
If it was just one thing, okay, but there were such numerous inconsistencies, it was like the writers and designers did not care about trek, they were writing a sci-fi show with the trek name slapped on top.
It’s totally possible to respect the heritage of old sci-fi - look at The Mandalorian and Andor - maintaining consistency with the old retro sci-fi aesthetic actually elevates them above what a modern redesign would have done.